Cyclic (Modular) Arithmetic: Conversions, Negative Numbers & Modulo Tables

This lesson explains cyclic/modular arithmetic — how numbers “wrap around” after reaching a fixed modulus. You’ll learn how to convert any number (including negative numbers) to its equivalent value within a given modulo, using the rule that adding or subtracting multiples of the modulus doesn’t change a number’s cyclic value. The lesson also covers how to construct and use modulo addition and subtraction tables, a common WAEC/JAMB question format, with clear step-by-step worked examples throughout.

Perfect for students preparing for WAEC, NECO, and JAMB Mathematics.