Modular Arithmetic: Binary Operations (*, ⊗, Δ, etc.)

This lesson covers binary operations defined by special symbols such as *, ⊗, and Δ, where a rule (e.g. a * b = a + b − ab (mod n)) defines how two numbers combine within a given modulus. You’ll learn how to evaluate these operations for given values, find unknowns from an operation equation, and read/complete operation (Cayley) tables under a modulus. Clear step-by-step examples make each rule easy to apply, with WAEC/JAMB-style questions to practice.

Perfect for students preparing for WAEC, NECO, and JAMB Mathematics.